01 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Generously grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with butter or nonstick spray.
02 - Scatter half of the cubed croissants evenly across the bottom of the prepared baking dish, creating a single layer.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, beat the softened cream cheese and granulated sugar together until smooth and creamy. Add the eggs, whole milk, vanilla extract, and lemon zest, then mix until fully combined and no lumps remain.
04 - Place the blueberries in a small bowl and toss with the all-purpose flour until evenly coated. This prevents the berries from sinking during baking, especially when using frozen fruit.
05 - Sprinkle half of the flour-tossed blueberries over the first layer of croissants. Pour half of the cream cheese custard mixture over the top. Layer the remaining croissant cubes and blueberries, then pour the remaining custard over everything. Press down gently on the top layer so the croissants absorb the custard mixture.
06 - Allow the assembled casserole to rest at room temperature for 10 minutes so the croissants fully soak up the custard. For a make-ahead option, cover tightly and refrigerate overnight at this stage.
07 - Bake on the center rack for 35 to 40 minutes, until the top is golden brown and the center is set with only a slight jiggle. If the top browns too quickly, tent loosely with aluminum foil during the last 10 minutes.
08 - Remove from the oven and let the casserole cool for 10 minutes. Dust generously with powdered sugar using a sieve. Serve warm with maple syrup or a dollop of whipped cream if desired.