01 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Generously grease a 9x13-inch baking pan with melted butter, ensuring all corners and sides are coated.
02 - Combine walnuts, almonds, pistachios (if using), sugar, cinnamon, and cloves in a large mixing bowl. Toss thoroughly to distribute spices evenly throughout the nuts.
03 - Lay first phyllo sheet in prepared pan. Brush lightly but completely with melted butter. Repeat layering and buttering 6-8 sheets total for the bottom layer.
04 - Sprinkle one-third of the nut mixture evenly across the buttered phyllo base, ensuring complete coverage to edges.
05 - Layer and butter 4-5 additional phyllo sheets. Spread another one-third of nut filling evenly over the dough.
06 - Add 4-5 more buttered phyllo sheets. Top with remaining one-third of nut mixture, distributing uniformly.
07 - Finish with remaining phyllo sheets, buttering each sheet individually including the very top layer. Press down gently to compact layers.
08 - Using a sharp knife, carefully cut through all layers to create diamond or square shapes. This essential step ensures clean cuts and proper syrup absorption later.
09 - Bake for 35-40 minutes until layers achieve deep golden color and crisp texture throughout. Watch closely during final minutes to prevent over-browning.
10 - While baklava bakes, combine sugar, water, and lemon juice in medium saucepan over medium-high heat. Bring to boil and cook 8-10 minutes until slightly thickened. Remove from heat, stir in honey and rose water or orange blossom water if using.
11 - Immediately pour hot syrup evenly over hot baked baklava. Allow to cool completely at room temperature, letting syrup absorb fully into layers for 4-6 hours or overnight before serving.